The World's Most Dangerous Blood Type

April 22, 2021 Fact 0 Comments

The World's Most Dangerous Blood Type

We all know we should always donate blood, but probably don't the maximum amount as we should. Approximately 32,000 pints of blood are used every day within us for people that lose blood during operations or from traumatic injuries. Others need blood transfusions due to ongoing illnesses like sickle-cell anemia where all of them need transfusions throughout their lives. The network of blood donation and transfusion in any country is a hugely vital part of keeping sick or injured people alive and well. This wouldn't be so complicated if we all had an equivalent sort of blood, but we do not. And some of us have such rare blood types that any injury, any procedure, or any accident are often life-threatening. Imagine your blood was so rare then unique that ought to you get hurt, almost nobody else within the world's donated blood would be ready to prevent. So rare then valuable that your identity must be concealed to stay a never-ending stream of requests for it cornered. So rare that scientists would do almost anything to urge their hands on a pint of it to review.

For the people that have the rarest blood group within the world, Rh null is often their reality. it is the world's most dangerous blood group to possess because only 43 people within the world are discovered to possess it. Meaning if you get hurt, basically nobody else's blood would be compatible with yours. Injuries that would be serious but treatable for everybody else would probably be fatal for you. Most folks have probably heard of the standard blood group system, or even know our own blood group . O+, AB-, A+, O-. 

This classification determines who we will donate blood to or receive it from. There are a complete of 33 different classification systems recognized but most people only got to worry about the 2 commonest ones, the ABO and Rh systems. The ABO blood group system classifies blood supported the presence of antigens, antigen A and antigen B. you'll have one or the opposite , both, or neither. Antigens are glycoprotein markers embedded within the cell wall and help your immune system to differentiate between your body's own cells and foreign cells like viruses or bacteria. In an A blood group, the A antigen is found on the blood corpuscle itself and an A or anti-B antibody is found within the serum. during a B blood type, a B antigen is found on the blood corpuscle and a B or anti-A antibody is found within the serum. blood group AB has both A and B antigens on the blood cells and neither of the corresponding antibodies against them within the serum. And blood type O has neither antigen on the cells but has antibodies A and B within the serum. When blood is donated, the red blood cells are separated from the plasma where the antibodies are located through a process called blood fractionation. This ensures that only the red blood cells get donated and not their corresponding antibodies since that might cause an adverse reaction in the recipient. Your system will produce antibodies against any blood antigens you do not have in your own blood. Therefore an individual with A blood that receives B blood would have an ABO incompatibility reaction. The anti-B antibodies present within the patient's blood would agglutinate with the B antigens on the donated red blood cells making the blood cells clump together and block small blood vessels. The system would then attack the new blood cells and destroy them. It's rare for this to happen but if it does it is serious and potentially fatal. Transfusion is taken into account safe as long as the serum of the recipient doesn't contain antibodies for the blood corpuscle antigens of the donor. So this is often why if you've got AB blood you are a  universal recipient - you do not have either of the antibodies that might attack A or B donor blood. 

However, this also means you'll only donate blood to other people who have AB blood. If you've got O blood you're a blood donor. You can give your blood to an A B or O without triggering their immune system. But this is often also why people with O blood can only receive Type O blood. However, there are other antigens that need to be accounted for beyond those and therefore the ABO blood group system before donating or receiving blood safely. this is often where the rhesus system comes in. The rhesus, or Rh system, is that the second most vital blood type system. These are the foremost important antigens with the foremost significant one being the D antigen. 

Although there are many other Rh antigens RH-D is that the most vital because it is the presumably of the Rh antigens to supply an immune reaction . Depending on whether the RH-D antigen is present, each blood group is assigned a positive or negative symbol. people that are Rh-D negative can only receive Rh-D negative blood. But people that are Rh D+ can receive either Rh D positive or Rh D negative blood. The negative blood types, A negative, B negative, AB negative, and O negative are rarer than their positive counterparts. And while the D antigen is that the most vital one within the Rh system there are a complete of 60 other Rh antigens making it the most important of any of the blood classifications. And while these eight blood types are the foremost common way of describing our blood, each of these eight types is often subdivided much further.

Facts about New Corona Virus Strain | London Strain

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

Facts about New Corona Virus Strain | London Strain 

Hello friends! A new coronavirus strain reported from the UK. This new strain has created a sensation across the world. European countries have sealed their borders with Britain. India & many other countries have stopped flights from the UK. Let's find out how this new strain of the coronavirus has evolved. whether it's really dangerous or not? Let's understand all the scientific facts of it with me in this blog of 'Talks by a Doctor'!

Let's first of all understand:

How the new strain of SARS CoV2 which does COVID19 evolved in Britain? Friends, Corona is an RNA virus. In simple terms, it contains 30 thousand genetic codes. As the disease progresses and therefore the virus spread between humans. The genetic code gets few changes. That changes the structure and virulence of the virus. This is called 'Mutation' in scientific terms.

When 24 such changes in codes detected within the Wuhan Virus Its now named as a new strain ie. 'London Strain'. This 'London Strain' virus is simply a mutated strain of the first coronavirus.

There have been at least 30 mutated strains of the original Wuhan Virus. Thus the mutation of the virus is a natural & inevitable process. Let's determine why we are such a lot scared of this London Strain. Until now the investigations are on to confirm the effect of this new viral strain on humans compared to the old one. and also looking for its virulent effects of this strain. But still, we are lacking enough data about it. However, scientists believe they ought to be an equivalent because of the old viral strain. But friends this new strain is having 40-70% more transmissibility compared to the old one. Because of which it can transmit and infect many of us during a short time & that's the biggest cause of concern with it. As we all know, the more transmission the more are going to be cases. And many will need to be admitted (being critically ill. ) The death rate may increase too, amongst admitted ones. Thus the power to transmit rapidly is that the main weapon of this viral strain. And that's why we all fear such a lot of this 'London Strain'.

Let's focus now on some frequently asked questions.

Question: 1

Can we still detect this viral strain with older tests? Or do we need to do some new kind of tests? Friends, the answer to this is very simple, All our tests used to date like Rapid Antigen, RTPCR, and TRUANT, or CBNAAT All work well to detect and diagnose this viral strain. So that means we can diagnose and identify the strain whenever required.

Question no.2

Will the available vaccines work against this new strain? The answer to this question is also easy. All the vaccine producers always take into consideration the possibility of 'mutation' within the virus within the future. And that's why scientists across the world currently believe that the vaccine should work against this new strain as well. that's why we request everyone to get vaccinated whenever possible without hesitancy.

Question no.3

How can we save ourselves from this new viral strain? We need to remember that this new strain of the virus is just a mutation of the first SARSCoV2 Virus. That's why we need to continue all our preventive strategies which we adapted for the coronavirus. Like social distancing of 2 feet. Mask & Sanitization of hands. And we also got to follow all the recommendations by the govt of India. By following them all we will be able to protect ourselves.

Question no.4

Do we need to fear this new viral strain? We all know that prevention is as good as protection in the case of Corona. Instead of fearing it, we need to face it. We must follow all rules of prevention. Like social distancing of 2 feet, Application of the mask thoroughly washing or sanitizing hands. It's natural to get a mutation in coronavirus-like viruses. We have seen an equivalent in many viruses in past. and mutations are likely in the virus even in the future. We just need to prepare ourselves for it. Doing this is not so difficult. If we remain disciplined and control our habits & we get ourselves vaccinated whenever it's possible, Which can boost our immunity (against the virus).  Take care of yourself and your family.

Coffee benefits and harmful

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

 

Learn about Coffee:

before we actually get into some of the findings and some of the associated health benefits. let's talk about caffeine and antioxidants briefly here so coffee contains caffeine as a lot of us know and the following antioxidants chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. So we're going to briefly talk about these in more detail these oftentimes mediate health effects so caffeine and antioxidants. So I'm going to briefly talk about the mechanism of caffeine but the antioxidants often have very complex mechanisms.

We won't talk about it in this blog, so caffeine can actually cross the blood-brain barrier enter the brain, and have effects on neurons in our brain. so here is a neuron here so caffeine binds to adenosine receptors so it actually binds to several adenosine receptors a1 a2a a2b and a3 a2a it's binding to a2a is actually what mediates its stimulant effects and this leads to the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and this is going to become important when we talk about certain health effects later on. 

So again caffeine can cross the blood-brain barrier enter the brain and bind to adenosine receptors and particularly h2a is what we see with its stimulatory effects and it oftentimes leads to increased excitatory neurotransmitters. so we're going to first talk about neurological health benefits that have been found to be associated with coffee. So, coffee consumption may reduce the risk of some neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease as was found in this article entitled meta-analysis of coffee drinking cigarette smoking. And the risk of Parkinson's disease and there may be a small reduction in risk of Alzheimer's disease with coffee consumption as well one mouse model actually demonstrated reduced beta-amyloid. 

so, beta-amyloid is important in the pathogenesis or pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and these two articles both show some reduction in risk of Alzheimer's disease with coffee consumption or an associated reduction in risk so the two articles here are entitled caffeine protects Alzheimer's mice against cognitive impairment and reduces brain beta amyloid production so this was mentioned here and then the other article is alzheimer's disease and coffee a quantitative review so these are the two articles.

so, again this is a mouse model so we can't really say too much about this but there has been some evidence to show an association between coffee consumption and a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease so also interesting now the next health benefits we're going to talk about with

regards to coffee consumption are in relation to mortality so in this review entitled coffee consumption and health umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple

health outcomes we're going to talk about a lot of

different important health benefits that

have been found to be associated with

coffee consumption and a lot of them

come from

this review now it has been shown that

high coffee consumption

generally speaking three to seven cups

of coffee per day

is associated with a reduced risk of

all-cause mortality again

this is association so it doesn't imply

causation but we see there's an

association here

so all-cause mortality it could be

mortality from

a wide variety of causes

this appears to be a dose-dependent

effect so as

coffee consumption increases the

risk of all-cause mortality decreases so

there's a dose-dependent effect

but it seems to slow down as

the amount of coffee consumption

increases

now the effect appears independent of

caffeine content so very interesting

here

decaffeinated coffee also showed similar

findings so an individual

increases their consumption of

decaffeinated coffee their

risk of all-cause mortality decreases as

well

now coffee consumption is also

associated with decreased incidence

of and all-cause mortality from the

following cardiovascular disease

coronary heart disease

and cerebrovascular disease and from a

lot of the studies that were mentioned

in this article it seemed that three

cups of coffee per day

was probably the best dosing with

smaller decreases and smaller associated

benefits with

increasing doses of coffee now it was

also interesting that women had slightly

higher associated benefits

and there was also demonstrated

associated benefits after heart attack

as well so even if

an individual did have coronary heart

disease and they had a heart attack or

myocardial infarction

having coffee or consuming three cups of coffee per day after their heart attack it seemed to also have some associated benefits as well so again very interesting very important high coffee consumption seems to reduce or is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and is also associated with a decreased incidence

of an all-cause mortality from cardiovascular disease  coronary heart disease and

cerebrovascular disease so things like

strokes now we're going to talk about

cancer as well

now again from the same review article

coffee consumption and health

umbrella review of meta-analyses of

multiple health outcomes

this article talked about a certain

meta-analysis of 40 cohort studies

and with regards to cohort studies

it's an observational study so they look

at groups of individuals who

have had high consumption of coffee and

groups that have not

and they compare them and what they

found was that in

from 40 cohort studies there was a

demonstrated associated reduction in

incidence of cancer

and this was again with high consumption

of coffee compared to the low

consumption of coffee or no coffee at

all

and the cancers that showed reduced

incidence

included liver cancer leukemia

endometrial cancer prostate cancer skin

cancers including melanoma

and an interesting point that was noted

was that when looking at studies

with associated risks of lung cancer in

coffee consumption

high cough consumption may actually

increase the risk of lung cancer

in smokers so very important to make

note of

in smokers high coffee consumption may

be associated with an increased risk of

lung cancer

but only in smokers in non-smokers this

does not seem to be the case

now we're going to talk about the liver

so we talked about the cohort studies

that have demonstrated reduced risk of

liver cancer but there's also some other

benefits

of coffee consumption in liver health as

well and it's all coming again from that

review article we talked about

so coffee consumption has been

demonstrated to help treat reduce

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease reduce

the risk

of liver fibrosis and reduce risk of

cirrhosis now we talked about this more

in detail in my non-alcoholic fatty

liver disease and diet

lessons so if you want more information

please check out that lesson

so again very important coughing

consumption helps reduce

the risk of these so non-alcohol fatty

liver disease

fibrosis of the liver so scarring of the

liver and it also reduces the risk of

cirrhosis

and what's important here is that any

consumption of coffee seems to lead to a

reduction so it doesn't matter if it's

very high

versus very low consumption of coffee

any consumption seems to

help reduce the risk of these diseases

but oftentimes three cups of coffee per

day seems to be the best dosing

now we're going to talk about metabolic

diseases as well so again coming from

the same review article

associations between coffee consumption

and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes have

been consistently found

so very important associations again

not causation but there's associations

between coughing consumption and reduced

risk of type 2 diabetes

and they've been consistently found now

there does seem to be some linear

relationship

at least up to six cups per day so as an

individual

increases their coughing assumption

their risk of type 2 diabetes seems to

decrease and usually it's a linear dose

dependent response up to

6 cups per day and again the association

appears independent of caffeine content

so

very important again so there's

something in coffee

independent of caffeine so we talked

about some of those antioxidants

that they may be mediating a lot of

these health benefits

so again decaffeinated coffee shows

similar findings

and then with regards to other metabolic

diseases high versus low coffee

consumption so you can think of

high coughing consumption as being three

or more cups per day low coffee

consumption maybe one

cup or less than one cup per day was

associated with

eight nine percent lower risk of

metabolic syndrome and lower risk of

gout as well

so very interesting now that we've

talked about some of the health benefits

of coffee consumption let's talk about

some of the health risks

so from this article entitled

ditreponoid steroid in tri-terpenoid

agonists of

liver ex receptors from diversified

terrestrial plants and marine sources

we see there are these compounds known

as

diterpenoids especially in unfiltered

coffee so unfiltered coffee contains dye

terpenoids including kathystoll and

call wheel sorry for the pronunciation

and diet terpenoids have been

demonstrated to increase ldl levels

so ldl you can think of the l as

lethal so this is the bad cholesterol

and it decreases

hdl levels the good cholesterol h for

healthy so

it increases bad cholesterol decreases

good cholesterol

so that is not a good thing and

components of coffee can cause temporary

increases in blood pressure as well so

this is another

health risk but again this is only

temporary increases in blood pressure

and it seems to only occur in casual

coffee drinkers so an individual who

drinks coffee consistently every day

does not seem to have the same effect

it's only with individuals who don't

drink coffee often

and have a coffee and then they have

this temporary increase in blood

pressure

now there are some associated health

risks with coughing consumption during

pregnancy as well

and again these findings come from this

review article

so high cough consumption during

pregnancy is associated with the

following harmful outcomes

so one of the associated harmful

outcomes with coffee consumption during

pregnancy include low birth weight so

babies born to mums who consume high

levels of coffee during pregnancy

oftentimes have a lower birth weight

there's also increased preterm birth so

increased risk of preterm labor

especially in the first and second

trimesters doesn't seem to occur in the

third trimester as much

so this is also very problematic and

there also seems to be an associated

increased risk of leukemia in childhood

in children who were born

to mothers that had high coffee

consumption during pregnancy

so again very very important to

recognize

the importance of not drinking coffee

during pregnancy so

we talk about high coughing consumption

but perhaps no coughing consumption at

all would be best during pregnancy

and there's some other health risks as

well these

come from the article caffeine and

headaches so caffeine is a known trigger

of migraines

and can be a cause of rebound headaches

especially after

ceasing consumption of caffeine or

coffee after a long period of time so

coffee or caffeine in the coffee acts as

an analgesic and

if an individual drinks a lot of coffee

for a long time and they stop they can

actually have a headache and this is

actually known as a rebound headache so

it's like they've been taking

a mild analgesic and then all of a

sudden they stop so they get these

rebound headaches

from that and again caffeine is also

known to trigger

migraines as well so migraines and

rebound headaches can be

something that occurs from coffee

consumption

and these other two articles one

entitled angiogenic effects of

caffeine in patients with anxiety

disorders and the other

entitled caffeine intake toxicity

independence and lifetime risk for

psychiatric and substance use disorders

in epidemiologic

and co twin control analysis both show

some

other health risks as well we talked

about caffeine increasing

neuroexcitatory

transmitters this can lead to emotional

disturbances

particularly stress and anxiety so if an

individual has

some underlying anxiety or some

underlying anxiety disorder

the caffeine can make it worse or can

trigger stress and anxiety

and again it's worse in patients with anxiety disorders and it seems to be the case where this

is  particularly problematic when there's been greater than five cups of coffee  consumed per day

and another issue with high consumption

of caffeine is insomnia so difficulty 

falling asleep or difficulty sleeping 

through the night and from those articles we also see that

caffeine can trigger panic attacks so

similarly to the anxiety component it

can trigger panic attacks

and this can also be another health risk

of caffeine

and there's this question does high

caffeine consumption increase risk of

psychiatric disorder so

is it that the patient has these

psychiatric disorders already and the

caffeine from the coffee

makes them worse or triggers them or is

it that the high caffeine consumption

increases the onset or prevalence of

psychiatric disorders particularly anxiety disorder

Is WWF Real or Fake?

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

 Is WWF Real or Fake?

tips to avoid alcohol

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

“I only drink on weekends,” you’ve heard yourself say one too repeatedly.

Then you recall the past twice once you met friends for “a” drink, and ended

up having ten.

If drinking has become an unhealthy habit, causing you to resemble Tyson after his

ear-chewing moment, rather than a giggly drunk just passing time with her friends, then it’s

time to cut yourself off.

Here’s how:

1.

Drink water and juice rather than booze once you leave .

Everybody wants to suit in socially, and drinking could also be an enormous a neighborhood of that scene.

You can still “drink” with your friends.

Offer to be the driver , or tell them you would like to urge up really early.

Lie if you've got to, but drink something besides an alcohol once you leave .

2.

Alcohol consumption inhibits your absorption of B-vitamins.

These vitamins are liable for almost every function in your body, but also combat

anxiety and depression.

Ironically, the more you drink, the more you’ll likely desire drinking to ease your anxiousness

because you’ve depleted this vital nutrient.

Take a B-vitamin supplement and it will be easier to refuse the booze.

3.

Change your friends.

If all your friends ever want to do in their free time is drink, then suggest doing something

different.

Go to a play, comedy show, concert, or suggest doing something really crazy like going for

a hike or volunteering at an area food shelter.

If your friends don’t want to “play” during this healthier way, it would be time to

find some new ones.

4.

Use the power of your subconscious mind.

Meditation, hypnotherapy and other mindfulness techniques can reprogram your mind so that

you no longer want to drink.

Only about 10 percent of what we do is consciously decided.

If you'll access the subconscious, which accounts for the other 90 percent of your

thoughts and actions, you’re far more likely to form better choices – including giving

up alcohol.

5. Mitigate side effects of a detoxing liver when you quit drinking.

No one wants to desire crap once they try to form positive change in their lives,

but if you’ve been drinking for a few time, stopping can cause detox symptoms as your

liver, gallbladder, kidneys and other organs get rid of alcohol’s toxic byproducts.

You can help lessen these symptoms by drinking plenty of water, taking bentonite clay, soaking

in Epson salt baths, and eating many detoxifying foods like cruciferous vegetables, celery,

garlic, onions, and cherry juice.

Don’t you think that Its about time you stopped trying to find posts why alcohol could also be good

to convince yourself its okay?

Comment below and tell us your experience with alcohol.

Why is it So Expensive to Live in California/San Diego?

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

Why is it so damn expensive to live in California?

Is it worth the cost to live in America's finest city?

So, just how expensive is it to measure in San Diego well compared to the nationwide average between 40 and 50 costlier to live in San Diego. But the reality is most of the expense is going to come from the housing which is over twice as expensive as the nationwide average. We're talking about the costs of living in san Diego you really have to start with the top so you have to start with the cost of living in California and the reasons why it's so expensive to live in California and truth be told two different factors. As far as living in California starting with the high cost associated with owning a business. So it's extremely documented California isn't a simple state to have a business and therefore the truth is that the extra regulations the challenges that business owners face that are going to directly relate to the cost of goods.

The cost of products goes to still go up and it makes everything a touch bit costlier here. And the second part of it is California as a whole doesn't build enough houses it hasn't been building enough houses over the last 10 15 years. To keep up with the number of people that are moving out here and there are many reasons why there's not enough housing. Going up but a number of the most reasons are that the method to create homes in California is dear difficult and time-consuming. Especially in major cities in urban areas where land is at the highest demand and when you break down as far as san Diego. Why it's so expensive to live here a big part of it comes to supply and demand very simple supply and demand.

There are a lot of people wanting to move here every single year. Every single year there are more people moving here than there are leaving so there need to be more places for those people to live and on the supply side. There are plenty of challenges associated with the number of new homes that are being built but also rentals and resale homes are.

They go up also when there are challenges with new construction and therefore the interesting thing about San Diego is it is a big city. It is the eighth-most populous city in all of us but it doesn't really feel like that at times. Downtown San Diego is extremely dense has high rises. There's a lot of housing during a small area but it is a pretty small area once you leave from there even little Italy which is a component of downtown. There are going to be condos and townhomes but it's not crazy dense and then going out from there to north park south park um mission valley uh in all these different areas.

It's getting to be more single-family homes townhomes condos but not the high-rises it isn't getting to be really dense everything's getting to be a touch bit more opened up . So it's kind of unique for a big city to be like that it also makes it challenging. When you're trying to build new construction that you don't really have a lot of space because if you can't go out and you aren't going up then what are you left with while we're talking about new construction in san Diego. The other challenges the land is so valuable that a lot of the developers that are coming out here are building a luxury town, luxury condos starting to make them denser and but the reality is a lot of people when they're moving to San Diego. They want that single-family home they want their space they want a backyard and you're getting less and less of that with the new construction that's coming in. So it's challenging because we need it to be denser so that we can have more homes built.

But we also want to still have that San Diego lifestyle so there's there must be a balance there and as supply stays low demand stays high home prices. keep going up and the reality is the higher the home prices go up the fewer people are actually moving out of their houses.

How to Get Good Marks. Exam Day Routine for Students

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

 Routine before an Exam Day

Attempting exams are like a do-or-die situation for most of us. we keep preparing ourselves for today for our entire school year but we frequently panic and find yourself doing the incorrect things on the day of our exams.

How to Get Good Marks. Exam Day Routine for Students

So, here we have some useful tips to help you plan your exam day routine. Our exam routine typically begins a day prior to our exam. Here are a few things that you should keep in mind a day before your exam.

The first very tip is don't overdo- we've tendency to read the maximum amount as we'll on the previous day thinking that we will retain all of it but that is not a good way. By doing this you're just adding to the stress and it will not be effective in remembering the concept instead what you should do is read-only the concepts that are marked important. This is why taking notes is vital to read those points which you are feeling might forget and Solve only those problems which are very difficult.

Setting things ready for the next day- the next task is to keep everything that is required for the day of the exam ready. This includes your stationaries, the exam admits card, or the hall ticket, a transparent writing pad if required. Ensure that you keep all these ready and handy to carry the next day. If time and situation permit visit your exam center. This is needed only if the exam center is not your own school or is in some other locality this will help you to know the actual time required to reach the location and therefore the best mode of transport that you simply can prefer.

Get good sleep- do not stay awake till late. In the night get a good six to seven hours of sleep. This will keep you fresh and active the next day. if you stay up late you'll not get enough sleep you will be stressed up and can not be ready to concentrate while you write the paper or might end up having a headache.

Please set your alarm on time or ask your parents to wake you up.

How to Get Good Marks. Exam Day Routine for Students

Here are a few things that you should keep in mind on the day of your exam

-wake up get fresh and have a little and healthy breakfast please do not skip your breakfast

-prefer wearing light comfortable clothes for your exams

-pack your bag to ensure that you carry all that we kept ready the night before without fail

plus another essential thing that one must not forget is to carry a bottle of water if this is

allowed.

-leave the house before time so that you reach the exam location well in advance

-request your parents to remain with you till the exam begins in order that just in case of

any need they are around to help you.

-if you have time before the exam do not attempt studying anything new just do your last minute revision

-now during the exam stay calm and attempt the paper just say this in mind I will be able to

remember and attempt all the questions.

-Start your paper thereon positive note also don't enjoys an activity which will put you in trouble and don't get distracted

-if anyone else attempts any such thing read the question paper carefully turn the paper and

-check if there are more questions on the backside and you've got attempted all the specified questions

-after you complete your paper do not discuss it with your friends it will just result in unnecessary panic even if the paper was good or bad it's already done so focus on the next paper and don't take any unnecessary tension

-After you reach back home rest for some time and only then begin your prep for the next subject.

so, friends, these are some important points that you must remember and try to follow just stay confident and positive for your exams

What If We Drink Too Much Water?

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

 What If We Drink Too Much Water?

What if we drink too much water?

Water is a super cool drink as much as you wish wrong. I'm some drinking too much water is not the problem but drinking too much water in a short span of time as if we drink water beyond the processing capability of our kidneys, then they're unable to eliminate the surplus water, as a result, water level increases in our blood and sodium level goes down. This condition is known as hyponatremia.

Or water intoxication sodium is an essential electrolyte which balances fluids inside and outside our cells the imbalance caused by water level going up and sodium level going down causes the fluid outside ourselves to move inside, as a result, our cells begin to swell the swelling can cause multiple health problems.

Also if swelling takes place in our brain cells, then we will get headaches or nausea.

This condition can also prove To be fatal.

How much water should you drink per day?

Sixty-eight point two seven three five six four nine eight one liters. No up to 60% of the human adult body is water. But every day we lose some of this water through sweat urine etcetera. So we need to replenish it now. There's a popular 8x8 rule, which says every day one should drink eight glasses. Containing eight ounces of water.

Whereas The Institute of drugs suggests that the entire water intake including all Beverages and food should be 2 .7 liters for ladies and three .7 liters for men.

However, no single formula fits everyone, but our amazing body itself tells us once we need water.

For example dark yellow urine is typically a really good sign of dehydration exercise climate and conditions like diarrhea vomiting.

Hitting etcetera can lead to additional water loss.

So our body makes us feel more thirsty.

This brings us to the conclusion that the water needs vary from person to person and situation to situation.

Why is ocean water salty?

Several natural processes make ocean water salty.

For example, when it rains the water droplets react with CO2 within the atmosphere and form acid making Rainwater.

Slightly acidic this acidic rain water reacts with minerals present within the rocks and forms new minerals and salts these minerals and salts are then carried by flowing water to the oceans thus making the ocean water salty additionally to the present along the mid-ocean ridges magma rises on the brink of the oceanic crust here when the salty ocean water seeps into the Earth's crust. It gets hot thanks to magma this predicament does Solves more minerals present within the crust and carries them to the oceans through fissures called hydrothermal vents. Thus making the ocean water salty.

Why is fluoride added to water to make water tastes like soft drink.

Nah, consistent with a prevailing study when fluoride is added to public water supplies at a mean concentration of about 1 part per million or slightly below it prevents cavity .

Oh But how enamel is that the hard outer covering of our thereto is primarily made from hydroxyapatite. hydroxyapatite may be a compound of calcium phosphorus and hydroxide.

Now when bacteria in our mouth prey on food particles, they produce ass this acid dissolves the hydroxyapatite leaving a residue of calcium and phosphate ions.

This results in tooth decay.

Now once we drink water containing fluoride and therefore the fluoride of binds with calcium and phosphate ions forming fluorapatite as fluorapatite is a smaller amount vulnerable to acid attacks. It helps to stop the tooth decay process.

In distillation, the impure water is first heated thus converting water to Vapor.

Then this vapor is condensed by cooling hence converting Vapor back to liquid water. By this process the impurities remained behind giving us pure distilled water.

Now, even though distilled water is pure some doctors say that we should not drink it for a prolonged period of time.It is generally recommended to avoid drinking water for an extended period because along side the impurities the minerals required for the right . Growth of our body are left behind during distillation topic water purification.

Why is alum added to water?

Because water does not like to be alone. It wants somebody's company.

Now Alum is added to purify water.

Alum is aluminium sulfate it acts as a coagulant a coagulant attracts and binds with extremely fine and little particles to make an outsized particle.

When a solution of Alum is added to him pure water it attracts and binds with contaminants and find suspended particles of mud dirt Etc to form large particles being a large. These particles are often removed by filtration or once they calm down thanks to gravity. They can be removed through decantation giving us pure water.

How to Survive in Winter?

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

 Living through a cold winter is not easy for any of us living things are cells just don't do well in the freezing cold animals that live in cold climates have all kinds of adaptations to keep themselves alive when it's freezing bears hibernate seals have plenty of blubber humans seek shelter and wear clothing and shoes but plants in cold climates also need ways to get themselves through the winter and they don't really have the option of blubber or shoes for that matter many plants. Just die every winter and regrow within the spring.

But trees are too big to regrow per annum . So to urge themselves to Spring they need other stranger adaptations including in some cases turning themselves into glass the matter begins when the temperature Falls below the freezing point of water in a tree's cells which normally happens at 0 degrees Celsius water expands when it freezes and if that's allowed to happen inside a cell ice crystals can Pierce through the cell's membranes, which isn't great. In fact, it kills the cell luckily for trees ice only forms inside their cells when the temperature drops below freezing. Very suddenly when it falls more gradually, which is what usually happens as winter approaches ice tends to make within the spaces between the cells during a process called extracellular freezing as the temperature slowly Falls ice forms on the outside of a tree's cell walls before the inside of the cell gets cold enough to freeze then once there's some ice between the cells the water inside the cells does something weird.

It flows outward toward the ice that movement is because of a property known as chemical potential as a general rule substances move from a areas with higher chemical potential to areas with lower chemical potential and because of the way it's molecules are arranged ice has a lower chemical potential than liquid inside the cell. So the water inside the cell moves towards the ice outside the cell and freezes there instead of freezing inside the cell and destroying great problem solved except there's more to surviving within the winter than simply keeping your cells from rupturing. I mean pretty much all plants undergo extracellular freezing weather they're cold tolerant or not, but not all of them survive the process see the water moving out of the cell. It causes another problem dehydration dehydration is bad for all kinds of reasons, but for trees the main danger is that as a cell shrinks from water loss. It's so membranes can move close enough together to react that can tear the membranes apart and is generally just not a good idea. So trees that are good at surviving cold temperatures have an entire bunch of various strategies to avoid this dehydration problem. One of the foremost common techniques they use is named supercooling.

That's what happens when the water falls below the temperature where it would normally freeze but stays liquid. There are a few reasons. Liquid might not freeze it as normal temperature, but for trees sells the thickness of the liquid inside them also known as viscosity is one of the main ones this liquid gets thicker during extracellular freezing as water is drawn from the cell and leaves behind a thicker concentration of dissolved substances. The thicker the liquid the harder it is for ice crystals to begin forming and the more I can be super cool as temperatures fall trees that use super cooling also start producing more of certain molecules like sugars that makes the liquid inside them even thicker you might be familiar with this liquid we call it sap.

Super cooling at trees can avoid getting too dehydrated by extracellular freezing and hold more liquid inside their cells without it freezing into ice the combination of extracellular freezing and supercooling can keep trees alive through temperatures as low as negative 40 degrees celsius, but around negative 40 or negative 50 degrees super cooling backfires at a certain point. It doesn't matter what you are doing to undertake to stay ice crystals from forming.

All the liquid will just spontaneously freeze and if a tree is cells have a bunch of liquid inside them a sudden freeze is very much a death sentence. Luckily for the vast majority of the world's surface. This limit isn't important protection down to negative 40 degrees is more than enough, but that's not true everywhere in some places like in the Arctic normal winter temperatures fall as low as negative 60 degrees Celsius and there are still trees that live there. In fact, there are plenty of trees like the black locust White Pine and Northern White Cedar that can survive being submerged in liquid nitrogen a temperature of negative 196 degrees Celsius and some Is like the Japanese White Birch can survive exposure to liquid helium, which is- 269 degrees Celsius. Not that they'd ever encounter that in the wild but you know, sometimes you've got a tree in a bunch of helium and one thing leads to another anyway, these trees don't survive those temperatures through supercooling instead the insides of their cells become glass a process referred to as vitrification researchers described it as a sort of suspended animation where molecules don't really move normally. Lee I spreads his ice crystals come into contact with other molecules, but if the molecules aren't moving they're not reacting with each other either we don't yet know the exact mechanism that leads to this vitrification but researchers think it's helped Along by a high concentration of sugars in the trees cells along with proteins called the hydrants these proteins seem to bind themselves to the cell's membranes keeping them apart from each other.

Meanwhile other parts of the proteins might get into the sugars within the cell helping arrange them into a glassy State once the trees cells become glass. It doesn't really matter how cold it gets they're essentially

Why don't we feel pain once we cut our hair?

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

Why it doesn't hurt once we cut our nails or hair but it does hurt once other body parts get hurt?

Why don't we feel pain once we cut our hair?

That's quite an interesting

Inside our body, there's a network of nerves. These nerves help us to sense our surroundings and feel pain, touch, etc. by sending messages to the brain.

So, do the nerves of hair, not skills to send a message?

No. Generally, the part of our hair above the skin is formed from dead cells.

It does not have any nerves. Hence, once we cut our hair, because of the absence of nerves, our brain doesn't receive any messages of pain.

As a result, we don't feel any pain.

Our body parts get hurt because they have nerve sensations in them. So whenever we get bruised the tissues and cells within the skin get damaged and nerves send sensations to the brain.

But the parts of the hair and nails that lie about the skin's surface are made up of keratin. Keratin is comprised of dead cells of a tough protein. Since these cells are dead there is no sensitivity in them thus when we cut our hair and nails there is no sensation. that's because both hair and nails have nerve endings slightly below the skin surface

If a hair is pulled or nails are too short these nerves are affected and this could hurt us.

Most Dangerous Animal Body Parts That Can Kill Them

April 22, 2021 0 Comments

 The Most Dangerous Animal Body Parts which will Kill Them

Nature has given animals some body parts in order that they will defend themselves, get food, and appearance cool. But sometimes those self same body parts can hurt an animal so badly that it can easily lose its life how exactly make certain .

Veru babarusa is one of the most unusual creatures on our planet. It looks like a pig but differs too much from its consciousness. Piglet is small its back is arched its legs are long enough and it has almost no fur these animals prefer plant food and clean water. But the main thing about babarussa is of course their fangs in males the lower and upper canines grow throughout their life and bend toward the head it's not uncommon for a fang to grow so much that it begins to grow into the skull. Literally imagine your tooth bending upward and going up to your forehead it's not very pleasant and it's dangerous too.

And deer pigs do not like that either actually think fangs block the view. Fortunately, apart from their strange shape their fangs are fragile more often than not though they break before they reach the skull. For example during a fight for a female or simply from time.

If you're lucky in fact unlike deer pigs things are much sadder for common reindeer their antlers are strong enough even to injure other animals. It's a real weapon that would alright cause the death of its wear.

Male deer fights are common during the breeding season they fight for females and such most often he just runs into another's antlers and but during the fierce fight they hapless. Males may also clutch the antlers so tightly that they can't deal with this situation by themselves the end is very sad the reindeer can't get up can't eat are deprived of the possibility to drink and just slowly die nature can be ruthless. And if it takes place near the water the reindeer can't only clash but fall flat the ice together then freeze also together. But sometimes the animals are lucky and people notice their misery in time it's enough to cut out a couple of antlers or shoot them off.

These wild rams are considered the most important can weigh over 100 pounds and appearance quite menacing.

Especially if you look at their large strong corkscrew-shaped horns which arguably used to protect themselves from predators and to fight for females. However, despite their majestic appearance, the fate of these wild rams is sometimes tragic the horns which are meant to be a powerful weapon of self-defense can lead the animal to a slow and painful death the older the arguably get the more likely it is that their horns will begin to grow in the wrong direction and eventually pierce the rams faces slowly and painfully they're going to penetrate deeper and deeper until they end in death either from infection or anyway you get the thought evolution may be a pretty ruthless thing we should not thank it for such a trick with the poor ram's horns.

However human intervention too not always lead to something good for centuries people have been making more profitable breeds for agriculture and it ended up well pretty controversial. Especially when it involves sheep wild species still lose most of their wool. Every year so to some domestic sheep but those that are bred for wool always regrow year-round without paws and if you don't cut them in time. It can end very badly long wool may be a bad option in extremely popular weather. Sometimes it results in heat stress there also are mobility issues. If a sheep with long wool lays down on a steep slope it can't roll over from its back it's like those bugs that lie with their legs up in the air. In addition, the wool causes vision problems not enough trouble excess wool which isn't cut begins to pile upright on the animal forming knots all kinds of parasites thrive under these knots insects cause unbearable itching which disturbs sheep and makes them constantly rub against trees fences and against everything that it comes across in such cases the sheep may tear its sides until they bleed which may be a direct thanks to infection and sepsis in extreme cases the sheep with too many wools may die so sheep need regular visits to the sheep barber and here's another absurd fact for you.

Donkeys need manicures like horses most donkeys need their hooves cut at certain intervals its usually every six to ten weeks you got it right horses are subjected to this procedure as well.

if the hooves aren't cut the animal loses its ability to walk straight which causes trauma discomfort and shock to everyone who sees the bent hooves because it's a really creepy sight I wonder how wild donkeys deal with that and yet there are so few wild donkeys left that i guess hooves would be the least of their problems being a hooved animal is quite difficult because nature constantly strives to give you a death test even the most common places can become dangerous if the temperature drops a bit honestly i don't know how deer end up on the ice and so far from the bank an animal caught in such a situation is doomed if people don't come to help. let's get that other front leg yeah

In this respect nature is more favorable to us we know how to keep our balance even on very slippery surfaces plus we invented boats ropes hovercrafts skates and other useful things you can use them to get any deer out of a trap the only pity is that you won't get any thanks from the animals okay if deer rams and other ungulates seem to be very unlucky in life then there must be some species that got some bonuses from nature

Do We Need Vitamin D Supplements?

April 22, 2021 0 Comments